Mood Disorders

Depression is one of the most common and treatable mental health conditions. It is not simply sadness or a reaction to stress, but a medical illness that affects mood, energy, sleep, and concentration. People often feel a loss of interest or pleasure, fatigue, changes in appetite, guilt, or hopelessness. Depression can occur at any age, often beginning in early adulthood, and may coexist with anxiety, ADHD, PTSD, or medical conditions such as heart disease or stroke. Major depression IS NOT JUST SADNESS. Severe life events can certainly trigger depressive episodes in people who are predisposed, but they are not the same thing. The effects of severe depression can be debilitating, and many patients do not receive the most adequate evidenced-based depression treatment options that are available.

Effective treatment begins with a thorough assessment to rule out medical causes, determine the possible presence of other psychiatric disorders, and tailor an evidence-based plan. Therapy—such as cognitive or interpersonal approaches—helps address the thoughts, behaviors, and relationships that shape mood. Many people benefit from medication. Lifestyle changes involving sleep, light, and exercise are helpful. In more severe or treatment-resistant cases, neuromodulation therapies like transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are effective. With the right treatment, most individuals experience meaningful recovery and restored quality of life.

Bipolar disorder involves shifts between periods of depression and episodes of elevated or irritable mood, called mania or hypomania. During depressive phases, energy and motivation may drop; during manic phases, people may feel unusually energized, need less sleep, speak rapidly, or act impulsively. These mood changes are more than normal ups and downs—they can disrupt relationships, work, and daily life. Treatment focuses on mood stabilization through a combination of medication, therapy, and lifestyle support. With ongoing care and monitoring, most people can achieve lasting stability and lead fulfilling lives.

PMDD is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome that causes marked mood changes, irritability, fatigue, and physical symptoms in the week or two before menstruation, improving once a period begins. Though rooted in hormonal sensitivity, PMDD is a real and treatable mood disorder. Effective approaches may include lifestyle changes, targeted therapy, and, when appropriate, medication to help regulate mood and reduce physical discomfort. With proper support, many individuals experience significant relief and improved emotional balance across their cycles.